Facts About Colon Cancer Surgery

According to the reports published by the World Health Organisation (WHO), colon cancer is the third most common type of cancer and the leading cause of death. Previously, colon cancer was primarily considered a disease of the elderly, with most diagnoses occurring after the age of 50. Though it remains prevalent in older adults, there is a recent increase in colon cancer cases among the younger generation.

Colon cancer surgery is one of the most effective when it comes to treating the disease, particularly in the early to mid stages. Moreover, there are other approaches like chemotherapy, radiation therapy and targeted drugs which are employed depending on the stage of the cancer.

In this blog, we will discuss what patients should know about the procedure, including what it involves, when it is recommended, types, recovery, possible risks and outcomes.

Colon Cancer Surgery: Facts That Matter

Take a look below at some of the critical facts related to colon cancer surgery.

What Does Colon Cancer Surgery Involve?

Colon cancer surgery is a procedure aimed at killing or removing the cancerous cells or tumour from the affected colon. As stated, the method is either performed as a single treatment or in combination with other therapies. The main objective is to eliminate further growth of cancer cells and prevent their spread.

When is Surgical Intervention Usually Recommended?

For most patients, surgical intervention is recommended for colon cancer under the following circumstances.

• Cancer is localised: When the malignant cells have not spread beyond the colon or nearby lymph nodes, surgery remains the primary option for a cure.
• To remove metastases: In some cases, particularly in the advanced stages, the cancer cells spread to other organs like the liver or lungs, which we call metastases. Surgical removal of the cancerous cells becomes necessary for such patients.
• To relieve symptoms: In the last stages, even when removal of the cancer cells is not possible, surgery remains a viable option to alleviate symptoms such as bowel obstruction or bleeding.

What Are The Different Types of Colon Cancer Surgery?

The type of colon cancer surgery which a surgeon recommends depends on factors such as the location of the tumour, its stage and the overall health of the patient. Some of the common approaches include.

Polypectomy and Local Excision: It is usually carried out in early-stage cases when the cancer is confined to a polyp.

Colectomy (Colon Resection): It is a procedure that involves removing part or all of the colon to kill the cancer cells along with some portion of healthy tissues.

Laparoscopic Surgery: It is a minimally invasive technique where small incisions are made to remove the cancerous part of the colon and lymph nodes.

Open Surgery: It is a conventional method that requires making a larger incision and is typically performed when the tumour is large or hard to reach.

Colostomy: When reconnecting the remaining parts of the colon is not possible, a colostomy may be performed. This diverts the bowel to an opening in the abdomen, where waste is collected in a bag.

What if Colon Cancer Surgery is Delayed?

When the cancer cells from the colon are not removed during the early or treatable stage, they multiply and spread to the lymph nodes and other parts of the body. As a result, the malignant tumour reaches the advanced phase where a cure becomes difficult. Unnecessary postponement of colon cancer surgery greatly impacts the outcomes and reduces the survival rates.

What is the Recovery Period After The Surgical Intervention?

Recovery timeline after a colon cancer surgery depends upon its type and the patient’s individual health. If it’s an open procedure, the healing period might take around a few months. Moreover, patients might face some post-operative discomfort. However, in the case of minimally invasive techniques, the healing time is just a few weeks with no such complications.

What Are The Tests Before Surgery?

Before colon cancer surgery, patients are required to undergo a series of diagnostic procedures, such as the following:

• Blood samples to check for anaemia and overall health condition.
• Imaging tests like CTs and MRIs are used to assess the location and spread of the cancer.
• Colonoscopy to allow biopsy of the malignant cells around the surrounding tissues.

Are There Any Preoperative Preparations?

To ensure a successful procedure, patients are advised to follow these instructions.

• You will be asked to take laxatives to ensure that the bowel is clear.
• A clear liquid diet is recommended for a few days after the surgery.
• You might be required to stop medications like blood thinners to reduce the risk of bleeding.
• Make sure to inform your doctor about your medical history, supplements and prescription drugs.

What Are The Post-Surgery Guidelines?

Following the surgery, make sure to follow all the post-operative guidelines for a safe and quick recovery.

• Keep the incision area clean and dry.
• Follow your doctor’s instructions for changing dressing and wound care.
• Take all the medications that are prescribed at the right time and dosage.
• Watch for signs of infections like redness, swelling, fever and rash.
• Avoid spicy and fried foods to prevent bloating, nausea and vomiting.
• Avoid heavy and strenuous physical activity until instructed.
• Begin walking slowly when you can.

Are There Any Risks Involved After Surgery?

Just like any surgical intervention, colon cancer surgery also comes with certain risks. Though rare, complications happen when it is performed by an inexperienced surgeon.

• Infection at the incision site
• Excessive bleeding after surgery
• Bowel obstructions
• Leakage from the two ends of the colon
• Blood clots

What is The Prognosis After Colon Cancer Surgery?

The success rate after colon cancer surgery depends on its stage.

Stages I and II: It is often curable with a high survival rate.

Stage III: Requires surgery along with chemotherapy to increase the survival rate

Stage IV: Surgery is palliative with other treatment approaches.

The five-year survival rate usually decreases with each stage. Hence, make sure to opt for early screening and treatment for permanent relief.

Conclusion

With advancements in medical technology, the outcome of colon cancer surgery is improving. If you or someone you know is diagnosed with the disease, always consult a skilled surgeon like Dr. Purnendu Bhowmik for a thorough evaluation and personalised approach for the best results.