What is a Hernia? Types, Symptoms & Causes Explained

Did you recently notice an unusual swelling or lump in your abdomen or groin that becomes more visible, especially when you cough, lift something heavy, or stand for long periods?

Many people ignore it at first without knowing that it is a sign of a hernia. It is a common condition that can affect individuals at any age.Most people think that a hernia does not usually heal on its own. In fact, when left untreated, it gradually becomes larger and may eventually require surgical treatment.If you are experiencing symptoms or have recently been diagnosed with a hernia, knowing everything related to the condition as well as its treatment options is the first step toward getting relief and leading a normal life.

In this blog, Dr. Purnendu Bhowmik, a renowned doctor specialising in hernia surgery in Kolkata, will discuss everything related to the condition, including its types, symptoms, causes, and when surgical intervention is recommended.

What is a Hernia?

A hernia occurs when an internal organ or fatty tissue pushes through a weak spot or opening in the muscle or connective tissue that normally holds it in place. As a result, it creates a visible bulge beneath the skin.

Although hernias can develop in different parts of the body, they most commonly occur in the abdomen and groin. The condition can affect people of all ages, including infants, adults, and older individuals.

A hernia may begin as a small, painless lump, but over time it can enlarge and cause discomfort, pain, or even serious complications if left untreated.

Symptoms to Watch for

The symptoms of a hernia are not the same for everyone. In fact, the signs patients experience depend on its size, severity and location. Some hernias, especially when they are in the early stage, cause little to no discomfort. However, when the condition progresses, it leads to severe pain and discomfort, which begins to interfere with daily activities.

Having performed complicated hernia surgery in Kolkata, Dr. Purnendu Bhowmik lists the following symptoms which indicate the possibility of a hernia.

• A visible bulge or lump in the abdomen or groin that may become more prominent when standing, coughing, or straining.
• Pain or discomfort at the site of the hernia, especially during lifting, bending, or exercising.
• A feeling of heaviness, pressure, or weakness in the abdomen or groin.
• Burning or aching sensation around the bulge.
• Swelling in the affected area that may disappear when lying down.
• Discomfort that worsens after prolonged standing or physical activity.
• Certain types of hernias can cause additional symptoms. For example, a hiatal hernia may lead to heartburn, acid reflux, chest discomfort, difficulty swallowing, or a sour taste in the mouth.

Warning Signs Indicating a Medical Emergency

One of the complications of an untreated hernia is strangulation, where the blood supply to the affected tissue is cut off, leading to symptoms that require emergency care.

• Sudden severe pain
• Rapidly growing bulge
• Red, purple, or dark skin over the hernia
• High fever and chills
• Frequent nausea and vomiting
• Inability to pass gas
• Constipation
• Severe abdominal tenderness

Make sure to immediately get in touch with Dr. Purnendu Bhowmik for undergoing hernia surgery in Kolkata to prevent further deterioration of the condition.

What are the Different Types of Hernia?

Hernias can be of different types depending on where they occur. Here are the most common ones.

Inguinal: An inguinal hernia is the most common type and is found in men more than women. It occurs when part of the intestine or fatty tissue pushes through the lower abdominal wall into the groin. Patients will experience a bulge in the groin, pain while lifting, a burning sensation and swelling around the testicles in men.

Femoral: This type is quite uncommon and mostly develops in women. It usually develops below the groin in the upper thigh. When left untreated, they are more likely to become trapped, incarcerated, or strangulated. Key signs include thigh discomfort, a lump in the groin and pain while straining or lifting.

Umbilical: It occurs near the middle of the belly button, though it can occur anywhere between the navel and the breastbone. Patients can find the swelling right at the top of the umbilicus. It requires hernia surgery; otherwise can lead to bowel obstruction.

Hiatal: It occurs inside the body when the part of the stomach pushes up through the diaphragm into the chest cavity through the opening of the diaphragm. Small hiatal hernias do not cause any symptoms at all until the disease progresses to the advanced stage.

Incisional: It occurs at the site of a previous abdominal surgery and mostly develops when the surgical incision weakens and allows tissue to protrude. In the initial stage, patients usually feel a mild or dull pain that worsens over time when they cough, stand up or lift heavy objects.

What Leads to the Development of a Hernia?

According to Dr. Purnendu Bhowmik, who is known for performing several hernia surgeries in Kolkata, the primary reason behind its development is muscle weakness and increased pressure.

Here is what makes an individual more prone to developing a hernia.

Ageing: With age, it is natural for the muscles to lose strength and elasticity, which increases the risk of a hernia.
Chronic constipation: Frequent straining during bowel movements puts significant pressure on the abdominal wall and the pelvic floor, which results in the development of a hernia.

Pregnancy: Pregnancy stretches abdominal muscles and increases internal pressure, particularly during multiple pregnancies. The risk even increases more in women who have had multiple pregnancies.

Abdominal Strain: Activities and certain conditions increase pressure inside the abdomen and weaken its wall. For example, heavy lifting, chronic coughing, intense physical exertion, or straining during urination or bowel movements makes an individual susceptible to developing a hernia.

Family History: Some individuals are born with weaker abdominal muscles and connective tissues, making them likely to develop the condition.

Conclusion

If you notice a persistent bulge, pain and swelling that is not improving, consult Dr. Purnendu Bhowmik. He will check your symptoms and recommend effective hernia surgery in Kolkata to help you get rid of the discomfort and let you return to an active lifestyle.

Book your appointment today.